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[Whips and Paddles]

Illustration for September—Ninth Month, The American Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1838, N. Southard, Editor (Boston: Published by Isaac Knapp, Vol. I, No. 3). Caption: "Sometimes a slave is tied up by the wrists, while the ancles are fastened to a staple in the floor. In this position, they are punished with the whip or with the paddle. This is an instrument of torture bored full of holes, each hole raising a blister." Courtesy The John Hay Library, Brown University.